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BIO NMDCAT Biological Importance of Water
nmdcat.online June 27, 2026

The movement of water out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney is driven by the

A. Active transport of water against its osmotic gradient
B. Hyperosmotic environment of the renal medulla
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C. High hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries
D. Low specific heat of the tubular fluid

📝 Explanation

The descending limb is permeable to water. The medullary interstitium has a high solute concentration (low water potential). Water moves out of the descending limb by osmosis down this water potential gradient, concentrating the urine.

📖 Additional Information

  • Active transport of water against its osmotic gradient
  • Hyperosmotic environment of the renal medulla
  • High hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries
  • Low specific heat of the tubular fluid

The descending limb is permeable to water. The medullary interstitium has a high solute concentration (low water potential). Water moves out of the descending limb by osmosis down this water potential gradient, concentrating the urine.

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