Lipids are defined by their hydrophobic nature, being soluble in non-polar organic solvents (like ether, chloroform) but insoluble in water. This contrasts with carbohydrates and proteins which are generally hydrophilic.
Deamination removes the amino group before respiration.
Both glucose and fatty acids ultimately produce acetyl-CoA.
Fat reserves become the major source of energy.
β-oxidation releases acetyl-CoA and reducing equivalents.
Protein catabolism ultimately feeds into respiratory pathways.
Greater hydrogen content provides more electrons for ATP generation.
Amino groups must first be removed.
Acetyl-CoA is the central substrate for the Krebs cycle.
Glycerol enters glycolysis, fatty acids yield acetyl-CoA for Krebs cycle.
β-oxidation repeatedly cleaves fatty acids into acetyl-CoA units.
Fatty acids undergo β-oxidation producing acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle.
Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.
Glycerol enters glycolysis after conversion into suitable intermediates.
β-oxidation repeatedly removes two-carbon acetyl-CoA units.
Carbon skeletons enter various points of cellular respiration.
Chronic infection often causes fatigue.
HIV is an acellular virus.
ART reduces viral multiplication.
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