HIV specifically infects and destroys helper T cells.
Loss of CD4 cells weakens immunity.
HIV can spread through infected blood.
Blood contains sufficient viral particles for transmission.
Sexual contact is a major transmission route.
Long-lasting fever frequently occurs in AIDS patients.
HIV is a retrovirus containing RNA and reverse transcriptase.
HIV is classified as a retrovirus.
Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from viral RNA.
Plant cell walls hinder entry, making wounds important portals.
Phages mediate transduction, transferring genes between bacteria.
TMV capsid proteins are arranged helically around RNA.
Integrated viral DNA is called a prophage.
Viruses are acellular, whereas living cells possess cellular structure.
HIV infects CD4+ T helper lymphocytes leading to immune deficiency.
Viral attachment proteins must recognize host cell receptors.
Viral components are assembled into mature infectious particles.
Naked viruses contain only nucleic acid and capsid without an envelope.
Frequent mutations enable influenza viruses to evade immune responses.
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