HPV infects epithelial cells and may lead to warts and certain cancers.
The capsid safeguards viral nucleic acid against environmental damage.
Most bacteriophages inject nucleic acid while the capsid remains outside.
DNA or RNA nature is a fundamental basis for viral classification.
Animal viruses commonly enter through receptor-mediated endocytosis or membrane fusion.
Rabies virus shows strong neurotropism and damages nervous tissue.
Latency involves persistence of viral genome with minimal viral production.
Dengue virus belongs to the Flavivirus group and contains RNA.
Newly produced phages rupture the bacterial cell releasing progeny viruses.
Tail fibers recognize and bind specific bacterial receptors.
Hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus and an important human pathogen.
Capsomeres are repeating protein units that assemble into the viral capsid.
Plant viruses often enter through injuries and are spread by insect vectors.
Poxviruses possess a complex brick-shaped structure unlike simple helical or icosahedral forms.
RNA polymerases lack proofreading ability, leading to frequent mutations.
T4 bacteriophage possesses an icosahedral head and tail apparatus.
Adsorption is the initial binding of a virus to specific host receptors.
Retroviruses carry RNA and use reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA.
Reverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA inside the host cell.
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