Icosahedral symmetry provides stability and efficient genome packaging.
Lipid envelopes are disrupted by detergents, reducing infectivity.
Poliovirus belongs to the RNA viruses and contains positive-sense single-stranded RNA.
Viruses depend entirely on host cellular machinery for replication.
TMV exhibits a rigid rod-shaped helical symmetry.
Influenza virus contains a segmented RNA genome.
Capsid is the protein coat that surrounds viral nucleic acid and is present in all viruses. Ribosomes, cytoplasm, and true cellular membranes are absent in all viruses.
Viruses lack cellular organization and consist mainly of nucleic acid enclosed by a protein coat, making them acellular infectious particles.
Viruses can reproduce only inside living host cells because they lack independent metabolic machinery.
A virus contains either DNA or RNA as genetic material but never both simultaneously.
Capsid protects the viral genome and helps in host recognition. Envelope is an additional structure found only in some viruses.
Bacteriophages are viruses specialized to infect bacterial cells.
TMV is a classic plant virus containing single-stranded RNA enclosed in a helical capsid.
HIV attacks helper T lymphocytes and causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Rabies virus affects the nervous system and commonly causes hydrophobia in infected individuals.
Viruses infect cells possessing specific receptors complementary to viral attachment proteins.
Viral envelopes are obtained from host cell membranes during viral budding.
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