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Practice Questions

19. A medicinal researcher sets a significance level (alpha) of 0.05 for their hypothesis test. What is the technical meaning of this alpha level?

A. The probability of making a Type II error.
B. The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis.
C. The maximum acceptable probability of making a Type I error (false positive).
D. The power of the test.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

15. A medicinal study finds a strong correlation between increasing drug dose and decreasing tumor size. However, the study design was purely observational. What is the critical biostatistical caution when interpreting this finding?

A. Correlation implies causation.
B. The correlation is likely due to chance.
C. Correlation does not imply causation; confounding or other factors may be at play.
D. The study was poorly designed.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

7. When designing a medicinal clinical trial, researchers often use blinding. From a biostatistical perspective, what is the critical purpose of blinding?

A. To reduce the cost of the trial.
B. To prevent bias in the assessment of outcomes due to participant or researcher expectations.
C. To make data analysis easier.
D. To ensure all participants receive the active drug.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026

1. A clinical trial for a new pain medication reports a p-value of 0.001. What is the technical interpretation of this p-value?

A. There is a 0.1% chance that the drug is ineffective.
B. The probability of observing results as extreme as, or more extreme than, those obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
C. The probability that the null hypothesis is true.
D. The probability of making a Type I error.
nmdcat.online BS Nursing
Jun 6, 2026
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