- The association is highly plausible.
- The association needs to be critically examined for biological plausibility; rare exposure causing common disease is less common.
- Biological plausibility is irrelevant.
- The chemical is definitely carcinogenic.
No category found.
- Scatter plot.
- Bar chart.
- Epidemic curve.
- Pie chart.
- Provide more naloxone to paramedics only.
- Implement immediate harm reduction strategies, distribute naloxone, and investigate the source of contaminated drugs.
- Wait for the increase to plateau.
- Blame the individuals for drug use.
- Prevalence of infections.
- Incidence rate of new infections.
- Mortality rate from infections.
- Case-fatality rate from infections.
- Recall bias.
- Information bias.
- Selection bias.
- Observer bias.
- No special monitoring is needed.
- Very close and ongoing monitoring of patients for adverse effects and therapeutic levels is required.
- The drug is too dangerous to be approved.
- The drug is extremely safe.
- Reservoir.
- Host.
- Agent.
- Susceptible population.
- Treat the patient with antiviral medication.
- Immediately notify public health authorities for investigation and contact tracing.
- Advise the patient to avoid that restaurant in the future.
- Wait for more patients to report similar symptoms.
- Sensitivity.
- Specificity.
- Positive Predictive Value (PPV).
- Negative Predictive Value (NPV).
- Consistency.
- Strength.
- Temporality.
- Plausibility.
- Matching.
- Stratification.
- Randomization.
- Blinding.
- Incidence.
- Point Prevalence.
- Cumulative Incidence.
- Mortality Rate.
- Issue a warning to the restaurant management.
- Immediately shut down the restaurant, seize contaminated food, and initiate a thorough decontamination process.
- Wait for the restaurant to improve conditions voluntarily.
- Only advise customers to avoid the restaurant.
- PPV will be very high.
- PPV will be very low, leading to many false positives.
- PPV will be unchanged.
- PPV becomes irrelevant.
- Anecdotal evidence.
- Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans.
- Qualitative research.
- Animal studies.
- The drug manufacturer's sales department.
- A national pharmacovigilance system (e.g., FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, Yellow Card Scheme).
- Social media.
- Directly to the patient's insurance company.
- Advise people to avoid public buildings.
- Immediately shut down and decontaminate the implicated cooling tower, and identify individuals who visited the building.
- Wait for the outbreak to subside naturally.
- Only treat the severe cases.
