- insulin
- interferon
- erythropoietin (EPO)
- growth hormone
No category found.
- are a mixture of many different antibodies, so they bind to many targets
- have uniform specificity and produce consistent, reproducible results
- are much cheaper to produce
- do not require a host animal for production
- using a harmless, modified virus to deliver the genetic code for an antigen into host cells
- using just a piece of the viral protein
- using a dead version of the pathogenic virus
- using the pathogen's toxin
- diagnosis of a disease
- prevention of a disease
- treatment or healing of a disease
- research purposes only
- the test failed
- the patient has the normal gene
- the patient likely has a mutation or deletion in that gene sequence
- the patient is immune to the disease
- isolate the virus and weaken it
- identify and isolate the gene that codes for a key viral antigen
- inject the whole virus into a host animal to produce antibodies
- find a chemical that can kill the virus
- the high cost of the treatment
- the potential for unintended, long-term side effects or changes to the germline (heritable DNA)
- the fact that it only works on bacterial diseases
- the requirement for a painful biopsy
- correcting the defective gene
- thinning the thick mucus in the lungs, making it easier to clear
- killing the bacteria that cause lung infections
- acting as an anti-inflammatory agent
- create a vaccine for the patient
- detect even minute quantities of the viral genetic material
- directly visualize the virus under a microscope
- measure the patient's antibody levels
- bacteria are naturally immune to all human diseases
- the genetic code is universal, so a human gene can be transcribed and translated by bacterial cellular machinery
- bacteria have a nucleus just like human cells
- bacteria do not have their own DNA
- DNA probes
- general antibodies
- a centrifuge
- highly specific monoclonal antibodies in an ELISA format
- it does not require growing large quantities of live virus or cells
- the mRNA molecule is very stable at room temperature
- it provides immunity that lasts for a lifetime after one dose
- the injection is completely painless
- a small, simple molecule
- always taken orally
- a large, complex protein produced by living cells
- completely free of side effects
- DNA in the nucleus
- mRNA transcripts of that gene in the cytoplasm
- proteins produced by that gene
- ribosomal RNA
- mRNA vaccine
- viral vector vaccine
- recombinant subunit vaccine
- inactivated vaccine
- modified, harmless virus
- bacterial plasmid
- synthetic nanoparticle
- red blood cell
- toxoid vaccine, using an inactivated form of the toxin
- live-attenuated bacterial vaccine
- whole-cell killed bacterial vaccine
- subunit vaccine using the bacteria's flagella
- cut DNA at specific sequences
- synthesize DNA from an RNA template
- join two pieces of DNA together
- replicate DNA at high temperatures
- rapid, unlimited growth (from the myeloma cell) and specific antibody production (from the B-cell)
- being able to infect host cells and produce antigens
- being very small and being able to produce RNA
- rapid growth and the ability to produce any type of protein
