- create a vaccine for the patient
- detect even minute quantities of the viral genetic material
- directly visualize the virus under a microscope
- measure the patient's antibody levels
No category found.
- bacteria are naturally immune to all human diseases
- the genetic code is universal, so a human gene can be transcribed and translated by bacterial cellular machinery
- bacteria have a nucleus just like human cells
- bacteria do not have their own DNA
- DNA probes
- general antibodies
- a centrifuge
- highly specific monoclonal antibodies in an ELISA format
- it does not require growing large quantities of live virus or cells
- the mRNA molecule is very stable at room temperature
- it provides immunity that lasts for a lifetime after one dose
- the injection is completely painless
- a small, simple molecule
- always taken orally
- a large, complex protein produced by living cells
- completely free of side effects
- DNA in the nucleus
- mRNA transcripts of that gene in the cytoplasm
- proteins produced by that gene
- ribosomal RNA
- mRNA vaccine
- viral vector vaccine
- recombinant subunit vaccine
- inactivated vaccine
- modified, harmless virus
- bacterial plasmid
- synthetic nanoparticle
- red blood cell
- toxoid vaccine, using an inactivated form of the toxin
- live-attenuated bacterial vaccine
- whole-cell killed bacterial vaccine
- subunit vaccine using the bacteria's flagella
- cut DNA at specific sequences
- synthesize DNA from an RNA template
- join two pieces of DNA together
- replicate DNA at high temperatures
- rapid, unlimited growth (from the myeloma cell) and specific antibody production (from the B-cell)
- being able to infect host cells and produce antigens
- being very small and being able to produce RNA
- rapid growth and the ability to produce any type of protein
- using monoclonal antibodies to find the disease proteins
- analyzing the patient's DNA for the presence of the specific gene mutation
- prescribing a therapeutic drug to see if it works
- creating a vaccine against the disease
- often provide a weaker immune response and may require adjuvants and multiple booster shots
- are much more dangerous for immunocompromised individuals
- can revert to a pathogenic form
- take much longer for the body to clear
- introduce a working ADA gene into their bone marrow stem cells
- provide them with daily injections of the ADA enzyme for the rest of their life
- create a vaccine against their own immune cells
- use monoclonal antibodies to suppress their immune system
- immunotherapy
- gene therapy
- immunodiagnostics
- a subunit vaccine
- becoming permanently infected with the virus
- taking up the DNA plasmid and using it to produce the foreign antigen
- producing antibodies directly from the DNA code
- rejecting the foreign DNA immediately
- allergic reactions to the protein
- transmitting blood-borne diseases like HIV and hepatitis from contaminated donor blood
- the treatment being ineffective
- the high cost of the treatment
- protein level
- cellular level
- genetic level
- organ system level
- the vaccine contains a wide variety of different antigens
- the vaccine is composed of only one or a few purified antigens from the pathogen
- the vaccine is mixed with a powerful adjuvant
- the vaccine is given in a very large dose
